Statistics and risk
Statistical significance
A threshold-based label suggesting a result is unlikely under a specified no-effect model.
What it means
Definition
Statistical significance. Statistical significance is often treated too strongly in headlines. It does not prove causation, clinical importance or reproducibility, and it depends on the chosen threshold and analysis plan.
What it can tell you
It can help clarify what sort of evidence or claim is being discussed.
What it cannot tell you
It cannot, by itself, prove that the headline is accurate or clinically important.
Headline trap
Why this matters in headlines
A statistically significant biomarker change may not translate into fewer symptoms, admissions or deaths.