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Evidence check: Cancer jab can eradicate entire tumours in patients, trial shows

The article reports on early results from an international clinical trial (OrigAMI-4), presented at the ASCO conference, testing the drug amivantamab in 102 patients with head and neck cancers that are resistant to standard treatments. The trial found that tumours shrank or disappeared in about a third of patients, with complete eradication in 15 cases. The jab is a targeted therapy that blocks EGFR and MET and activates immune response. Most side effects were mild to moderate, and ongoing evaluation is being conducted in additional cancer types.

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Evidence check: Scientists finally crack an “undruggable” pancreatic cancer target and nearly double survival

The article claims that a new targeted therapy—daraxonrasib—for metastatic pancreatic cancer patients with KRAS mutations almost doubles overall survival compared to chemotherapy, based on a phase 3 trial of 500 patients, with secondary claims that this represents a paradigm shift, offering improved quality of life and milder side-effects versus standard care.

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Evidence check: Poor sleep linked to rising cancer risk in under-50s

The Guardian article reports on two large US studies, presented at a major cancer conference, that found an association between poor sleep and increased rates of cancer in under-50s. While people diagnosed with insomnia appeared to have up to three times higher risk of some cancers within five years, experts stress that these are observational findings and do not prove that poor sleep causes cancer. Potential confounding factors (such as drinking, smoking, and obesity) and the possibility of reverse causality (cancer affecting sleep before diagnosis) are noted. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship and potential biological mechanisms.

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Evidence check: New ovarian cancer drug gives women more time and better quality of life - BBC News

The article reports that mirvetuximab soravtansine, now available on the NHS, extends average survival in patients with specific hard-to-treat ovarian cancers from 12.8 to 16.5 months, with improved quality of life and fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapy. It is only suitable for cancers with the folate receptor alpha marker, reportedly benefiting about 30-40% of those whose cancers are resistant to standard chemotherapy. Patient and clinician testimonials support these claims, but no direct link to the clinical trial publication is given in the article.

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Evidence check: Your nose could detect Alzheimer’s years before symptoms begin

The article reports that loss of smell may be an early indicator of Alzheimer's, based on research showing the brain's immune cells destroy connections between the olfactory bulb and locus coeruleus in both animal models and human tissue. The immune activity is thought to begin before visible cognitive decline, which could permit earlier identification and interventions against Alzheimer's. However, while there is supporting animal evidence and some human tissue and imageing data, prospective clinical validation for smell loss as a biomarker is lacking.

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Evidence check: Blood and spinal fluid proteins reveal distinct fingerprints of four brain diseases

A large-scale, multi-institutional study analyzed nearly 7,000 proteins from blood and spinal fluid samples of close to 6,000 participants, identifying disease-specific and shared molecular signatures for four major neurodegenerative diseases. These protein patterns enabled computational models to differentiate between diseases and controls with high accuracy and may guide the development of future diagnostic tests and therapeutic targets. However, clinical application and real-world benefit remain unproven.

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Evidence check: Science & Medicine: A pill that slows aging? San Antonio researchers are putting it to the test

The article describes a clinical trial at UT Health San Antonio testing whether rapamycin, which extended both lifespan and healthspan in mice, can restore 'youthful' biological markers in older adults by modulating the mTOR pathway. While animal studies have shown rapamycin to reverse markers of arterial hardening and improve healthspan, no published human results on actual ageing-related health outcomes are reported. The human study underway measures immune and metabolic markers in older adults after rapamycin or everolimus treatment but has not reported clinical results.

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Evidence check: Scientists Discover Brain Pathway That May Slow Parkinson’s Disease – but Only in Women

The article reports on a preclinical study in the Journal of Neuroscience that used gene editing to increase the number of nicotine-responsive receptors in dopamine-producing neurons of mice, resulting in neuroprotection under parkinsonian conditions, but only in female models. The authors propose this pathway as a potential strategy to slow disease progression. There is no evidence of testing in humans, and the findings are limited to animal models.

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Evidence check: Scientists found a hidden Alzheimer’s trigger and shut it down

The ScienceDaily article reports that researchers from Indiana University School of Medicine identified a potential Alzheimer’s treatment target: the enzyme IDOL. Their laboratory animal studies found that deleting IDOL from neurons led to a reduction in amyloid plaques and increased markers of brain resilience and communication. However, the research is fully preclinical; it has not yet been tested in humans, and clinical benefits or safety are unknown.

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