Statistics and risk

Clinical significance

Whether a result is large and relevant enough to matter to patients or practice.

What it means

Definition

Clinical significance. Clinical significance asks whether an effect is meaningful, not merely detectable. It requires context: severity of outcome, burden of treatment, harms, costs and patient priorities.

What it can tell you

It can help clarify what sort of evidence or claim is being discussed.

What it cannot tell you

It cannot, by itself, prove that the headline is accurate or clinically important.

Headline trap

Why this matters in headlines

A statistically significant improvement on a questionnaire may be too small for patients to notice.