Evidence quality

Clinical endpoint

A real-world patient outcome such as symptoms, disease events, function, or survival.

What it means

Definition

Clinical endpoint: Clinical endpoints are outcomes that directly matter to patients or clinical decisions. They are usually more persuasive than surrogate markers.

What it can tell you

It can help clarify what sort of evidence or claim is being discussed.

What it cannot tell you

It cannot, by itself, prove that the headline is accurate or clinically important.

Headline trap

Why this matters in headlines

Fewer fractures is a clinical endpoint; a change in bone marker is usually a surrogate.